肖像畫,大家都可以找個畫家,替自己、家人畫一下。但究竟怎樣的肖像畫,才能以US$1,000萬(HK$7,800萬;NT$3億)的高價成交?畫中所繪之物又有何寓意?今日的古典大師油畫學堂,就用5分鐘去探討這樣的一幅16世紀肖像畫。
《在桌旁玩雙陸棋的夫婦半身像》|US$10,036,000成交
畫家范‧赫莫森簽名所在
16世紀的「法蘭德斯畫派」
畫作名曰《在桌旁玩雙陸棋的夫婦半身像》,出自16世紀畫家范‧赫莫森(Jan Sanders van Hemessen,1504-1556)之手,剛剛在紐約佳士得拍賣,US$400萬 - 600萬估價,終以US$860萬落槌,連佣逾US$1,000萬成交。1.2米闊、1.1米高,以肖像畫來說,尺幅不小。
范‧赫莫森屬於「法蘭德斯畫派」(Flemish Painting)。大體來說,畫派以安特衛普為中心,包括今日的比利時、盧森堡、法國東北部地區,於15-17世紀達至巔峰,與同期的荷蘭黃金時代藝術分庭抗禮。
夫婦倆在陽光充沛的舒適房間內玩「雙陸棋」
今日的「雙陸棋」
從惡慾到兩性挑逗 雙陸棋的象徵
畫面夫婦穿著高貴入時,在陽光充沛的舒適房間內玩「雙陸棋」。雖然真正身份以無從考證,但必定擁有優越社會地位。畫作寓意,正正從這種有幾千年歷史的對奕遊戲中體現。
中世紀開始,雙陸棋便出現在歐洲繪畫,尤其是宗教作品當中,當時多是象徵人性的惡與慾。至15世紀,雙陸棋漸漸失去了以往濃厚的道德寓意。以15世紀中葉的法國祈禱書為例,雙陸棋更像是一種異性互動的方式,多了一絲男女誘惑,兩性挑逗的意味。
水果的寓意 愛情酸甜與類墮落
今次的這幅雙人肖像,很可能是畫中人為慶祝成婚而委託繪製,呼應十六世紀歐洲盛行的兩性之爭潮流。夫婦倆並排而坐,臉容和譪,雖然在對奕,卻看不到競技爭勝的緊張。兩人深情對望,妻子的手輕搭丈夫肩上,顯示出深厚感情。
畫中靜物亦為場景賦予多層意義。以桌上小刀和柑橘為例,象徵愛情、婚姻、豐饒。在15、16世紀的歐洲,柑橘代表酸甜的愛情,是兩性關係之催化劑,把兩個人緊密聯繫在一起。
畫中靜物為場景賦予多層意義
16世紀初以「聖母、聖子」為主題的畫作,前景桌上常放有象徵性物品。圖為克利夫(Joos van Cleve )《聖母及聖子》,繪於1512-13年|紐約 大都會藝術博物館
貼近畫面的水果充滿宗教含義,令人想起16世紀初以「聖母、聖子」為主題的畫作。這些畫作的前景桌上常放有象徵性物品:蘋果寓意人類墮落,櫻桃象徵天堂,葡萄代表基督教聖餐,胡桃則與耶穌緊緊相連。
如此畫作,也令人不期然想起另外兩位古典大師。首先是「雙人肖像畫鼻祖」揚·凡·艾克(Jan Van Eyck,1390-1441),代表作《阿諾菲尼的婚禮》繪於1434年,以別出心裁的手法,配合複雜隱含意義,展現畫中人聖潔的婚姻。另一位是馬西斯(Quentin Massys,1466-1530),觀其雙人肖像作《銀錢兌換商夫婦》,也有可能是范‧赫莫森的靈感來源。
揚·凡·艾克(Jan Van Eyck,1390-1441)《阿諾菲尼的婚禮》|倫敦 國家畫廊
馬西斯(Quentin Massys,1466-1530)《銀錢兌換商夫婦》|巴黎 羅浮宮
紐約佳士得|古典大師繪畫 成交五強
范‧赫莫森(Jan Sanders van Hemessen,1504-1556)《在桌旁玩雙陸棋的夫婦半身像》Double portrait of a husband and wife, half-length, seated at a table, playing tables
拍品編號:7
尺寸:111.1 x 127.9cm
來源:
- (Probably) acquired by Alexander William Crawford Lindsay, 25th Earl of Crawford and 8th Earl of Balcarres (1812-1880), and by inherence at Haigh Hall, Wigan, Lancashire and elsewhere to
- Mary, Countess of Crawford and Balcarres (1903-1994); Christie’s, London, 6 July 1984, lot 106, where acquired by the present owner
估價:US$4,000,000 - 6,000,000
落槌價:US$8,600,000
成交價:US$10,036,000
安尼巴爾‧卡拉奇(Annibale Carracci,約1560-1609)《聖母子與聖露西及施洗者聖約翰》 The Madonna and Child with Saint Lucy and the Young Saint John the Baptist
拍品編號:26
尺寸:78.8 x 62.7cm
來源:
- Sampieri collection, Bologna, possibly by the 1760s, from where acquired by Gavin Hamilton (1723-1798)
- Francis Basset (1757-1835), 1st Baron de Dunstanville and Basset, Tehidy, near Cambourne, Cornwall; Christie's, London, 8 May 1824, lot 41, as Ludovico Carracci (bought in), and by descent to his daughter,
- Frances Basset (1751-1855), 2nd Baroness Basset, by descent to the son of her cousin,
- John Francis Basset (1831-1869), by descent to
- Arthur Francis Basset (b. 1873), Tehidy near Cambourne, Cornwall; Christie's, London, 9 January 1920, lot 88, as Ludovico Carracci (12 gns. to Everitt)
- Anonymous sale; Phillips, London, 8 December 1987, lot 69, as Sisto Badalocchio, where acquired by the present owner
估價:US$3,000,000 - 5,000,000
落槌價:US$5,100,000
成交價:US$6,063,500
莫納克(Lorenzo Monaco,約1370-1425)《先知以賽亞》The Prophet Isaiah
拍品編號:10
直徑:19.7cm
來源:
- Probably the Church of San Procolo, Florence, for the altar endowed by Antonio di Andrea del Pannocchia (died 1412/13), until the church was suppressed in 1778 (thought to be the original location of the Accademia Annunciation altarpiece to which this tondo belonged)
- (Possibly) the Badia Fiorentina, Florence, by 1795 and before 1810 (where, according to a label on the reverse, the Annunciation altarpiece was found)
- Alexis-François Artaud de Montor (1772-1849), Paris; (†) his sale, Schroth, Paris, 17 January 1851, lot 51
- Anonymous sale; Sotheby's, London, 8 July 1987, lot 20, where acquired by the present owner
估價:US$1,500,000 - 2,500,000
落槌價:US$3,000,000
成交價:US$3,615,000
雅克・路易・大衛(Jacques-Louis David,1748-1825)《頒賜軍團鷹旗》(草圖)The Distribution of the Eagle Standards
拍品編號:45
尺寸:54 x 85.2cm
來源(經The Value整理):
- Private collection, France
- Anonymous sale; Millon, Hôtel Drouot, 22 March 2017, lot 53(€7,800成交,即HK$65,000)
- Art market, Paris, where acquired by a private collector, London, 2017, from whom acquired by the present owner
估價:US$1,500,000 - 2,500,000
落槌價:US$2,100,000
成交價:US$2,535,000
圭爾奇諾(Guercino,1591-1666)《書上放有骷髏頭、沙漏和兩瓶花的虛空靜物畫》A vanitas still life with a skull atop a book, an hourglass and two glass vases of flowers
拍品編號:45
尺寸:30.8 x 38.5cm
來源:
- Church of the Santissima Trinità dei Cappuccini, Cento, Italy
- (Possibly) Bolognini-Amorini collection, Bologna, 19th century
- Private collection, Zurich, where acquired by the present owner
估價:US$2,000,000 - 3,000,000
落槌價:US$2,000,000
成交價:US$2,415,000
拍賣總結
拍賣行:紐約佳士得
專場:古典大師繪畫
拍賣日期:2019/5/1
拍品數目:45
成交:33
未成交:12
成交率:73%
成交總額:US$32,982,250